Hambatan penerapan lean construction pada subsektor bangunan di Yogyakarta: pendekatan deskriptif berbasis ranking

The construction market in Yogyakarta is frequently disrupted by scheduling delays, escalating costs, and subpar execution efficiency. Lean Construction is widely seen as a viable solution to minimize waste and boost project output, yet its practical application in Indonesia remains sparse. To explore this issue, this study investigates and ranks the obstacles to implementing Lean Construction principles in Yogyakarta's building sector from the perspective of field practitioners. A quantitative descriptive framework was applied, gathering feedback from 109 purposively sampled participants-comprising contractors, consultants, owners, architects, and government officials. Following a thorough data-cleaning process, 107 valid entries were evaluated using IBM SPSS. The diagnostic tool featured 24 barrier metrics on a 5-point Likert scale, showcasing strong statistical validity (r = 0.514-0.745 > r= 0.190) and superior reliability (Cronbach's Alpha) = 0.946). The empirical outcomes highlight that the state procurement system, which rewards the lowest bidding price instead of workflow efficiency, serves as the leading restriction (mean} = 3.97). On the other end of the spectrum, unintegrated project scheduling during design, execution, and oversight proved to be the lowest-ranked bottleneck (mean = 3.23). In essence, structural and procurement boundaries are the core inhibitors to Lean Construction in the region, emphasizing the necessity for strategic policy shifts and enhanced administrative support