Praktik terbaik material, desain, dan teknologi untuk net‑zero homes

This systematic literature review synthesizes best practices in materials, design, and technologies to advance net-zero homes. Using PRISMA on Scopus-indexed studies (2021–2025), we screened 314 records and included 27 journal articles that report quantifiable LCA/WLC metrics. Results show integrated interventions—low-carbon/biogenic materials (cross-laminated timber, engineered bamboo, LC3, geopolymers), structure–envelope optimization (floor count, slab typology, window-to-wall ratio), and operational electrification/digitalization (photovoltaics, batteries, heat pumps, BIM/digital twin, prefabrication)—can reduce whole life carbon by 25–40% with current practices, ~59–80% by 2030, and ~85–93% by 2045. In nearly zero-energy contexts, embodied carbon increasingly dominates, underscoring early-stage material and structural decisions. Policy enablers—subsidies, standards, and market instruments (RMD/NMC) alongside the displacement factor for wood—accelerate adoption across supply chains. In tropical/humid climates, bio-based roof insulation, moisture control, effective ventilation, and distributed renewables are high-yield strategies. The review delivers an actionable map linking material–design–technology choices, guiding stakeholders to prioritize high-impact, cost-reasonable interventions toward verifiable net-zero housing.