Greenwashing in Electric Vehicle Advertising: A Paradox of Eco-Friendly Choices?


Date Published : 4 June 2026

Contributors

Heru Saputra Lumban Gaol

Departement of Civil Law, Faculty of Law, University of Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
Author

Hadrian Christanta

Departement of Civil Law, Faculty of Law, University of Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
Author

Simon Pierre Anggung

Departement of Civil Law, Faculty of Law, University of Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
Author

Proceeding

Track

General Track

License

Copyright (c) 2026 Heru Saputra Lumban Gaol1; Hadrian Christanta; Simon Pierre Anggung;

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Abstract

References

[1] Rudi Haryadi, “Pengaruh Strategi Green Marketing Terhadap Pilihan Konsumen Melalui Pendekatan Marketing Mix (Studi Kasus pada The Body Shop Jakarta),” University of Diponegoro, Semarang, 2009.
[2] Del I. Hawkins and David L. Mothersbaugh, Consumer Behavior: Building Marketing Strategy. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin, 2013.
[3] Etheldreda Wongkar and Prilia Kartika Apsari, Telaah Kebijakan Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP) dalam Merespons Fenomena Greenwashing di Indonesia pada Era E-Commerce. Jakarta: Indonesian Center for Environmental Law (ICEL), 2021.
[4] Aura Ning Istanti and Inosentius Samsul, “Analysis of Greenwashing Policy in Providing Consumer Protection in Indonesia in View of Act Number 8 of 1999 Concerning Consumer Protection,” De Lega Lata: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 9, Jan. 2023.
[5] Clare D’Souza and Mehdi Taghian, “Green advertising effects on attitude and choice of advertising themes,” Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 51–66, 2005.
[6] Stefanus E. Baroleh, Cornelius D. Massie, and Noldy L. Lengkong, “Implementasi Konvensi Internasional Paris Agreement tentang Mitigasi Perubahan Iklim di Indonesia,” Lex Privatum, vol. 11, no. 5, p. 2, 2023.
[7] Mahardhika Berliandaldo and Ari Prasetio, “Analisa Hukum atas Kebijakan Pengembangan dan Pemanfaatan Kendaraan Bermotor Listrik pada Sektor Pariwisata Indonesia,” Sanskara Hukum dan HAM, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 4–5, Dec. 2022.
[8] Y. Mao and X. Li, “A Review of Research on the Impact Mechanisms of Green Development in the Transportation Industry,” Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 23, p. 16531, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.3390/su152316531.
[9] Cakrawati Sudjoko, “Strategi Pemanfaatan Kendaraan Listrik Berkelanjutan Sebagai Solusi Untuk Mengurangi Emisi Karbon,” Jurnal Paradigma: Jurnal Multidisipliner Mahasiswa Pascasarjana Indonesia, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 54–68, 2021.
[10] Sadam Afian R., Fattia Syavira, and Peneliti Auriga Nusantara, “LIPUTAN KHUSUS: Jejak Emisi Batu Bara di Kendaraan Listrik,” BETAHITA.ID.
[11] GREENPEACE, “Kita, Batubara & Polusi Udara,” 2015.
[12] F. Rohmah, “Apa yang dimaksud dengan Supply Chain Management?,” Kanal Pengetahuan Faperta UGM.
[13] Hyundai Motors Indonesia, “Be Bold Be Electric.”
[14] Lailatul Rahimah, “Pemasaran Hijau dan Citra Merek Ramah Lingkungan: Implikasinya Terhadap Keputusan Niat Pembelian Kendaraan Listrik,” Undergraduate Thesis, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, 2025.
[15] Hermanto Yaputra, Kurniawan, Renny Risqiani, Nico Lukito, and Krisna Prabowo Sukarno, “Pengaruh Green Marketing, Sustainable Advertising, Eco Packaging/Labeling Terhadap Green Purchasing Behavior (Studi Pada Kendaraan Listrik),” Journal of Indonesia Marketing Association (IMA), vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 71–90, 2023.
[16] Amiradiaty Nasution and Hauna Tsabitul Azmi, “Tinjauan Yuridis Pemberian Insentif dalam Rangka Mendorong Percepatan Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV): Potensi Dukungan pada Greenwashing Dibalik Solusi Persoalan Lingkungan,” Presidensial: Jurnal Hukum, Administrasi Negara, dan Kebijakan Publik, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 57–70, Aug. 2024, doi: 10.62383/presidensial.v1i3.76.
[17] Muhaimin, Metode Penelitian Hukum. Mataram: Mataram University Press, 2020.
[18] D. Dairani and S. Ibad, “KONSEP ALIRAN HUKUM KRITIS KAITANNYA DENGAN OMNIBUS LAW UU CIPTA KERJA: KAJIAN FILSAFAT HUKUM,” HUKMY : Jurnal Hukum, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 42–53, Apr. 2022, doi: 10.35316/hukmy.2022.v2i1.42-53.
[19] I. Rahmatullah, “Filsafat Hukum Aliran Studi Hukum Kritis (Critical Legal Studies); Konsep dan Aktualisasinya Dalam Hukum Indonesia,” ADALAH, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 1–10, Jun. 2021, doi: 10.15408/adalah.v5i3.21393.
[20] Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, “BRIN Perspektifkan Kendaraan Listrik sebagai Solusi Transportasi Ramah Lingkungan,” Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN).
[21] CNBC Indonesia, “Janji dari Bos PLN: Berikan Kemudahan untuk Kendaraan Listrik,” CNBC Indonesia.
[22] International Energy Agency, “Global Electric Car Sales, 2014-2024,” 2025.
[23] Media Indonesia, “Gaikindo: Januari-Agustus 2025 Terjual 51.191 Unit Mobil Listrik Baterai,” Media Indonesia.
[24] Putu Rusta Adijaya, “Evaluasi Kerangka Kebijakan Kendaraan Listrik di Indonesia: Indonesia Report 2023,” Jakarta, 2023.
[25] Amiradiaty Nasution and Hauna Tsabitul Azmi, “Tinjauan Yuridis Pemberian Insentif dalam Rangka Mendorong Percepatan Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV): Potensi Dukungan pada Greenwashing Dibalik Solusi Persoalan Lingkungan,” Amandemen: Jurnal Ilmu pertahanan, Politik dan Hukum Indonesia, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 96–110, Sep. 2024, doi: 10.62383/amandemen.v1i4.526.
[26] Zulham, Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen, 1st ed. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2013.
[27] Endipradja Firman Turmantara, Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen: Filosofi Perlindungan Konsumen Dalam Perspektif Politik Hukum Negara Kesejahteraan. Setara Press, 2016.
[28] M. Simanjuntak and I. Fitri, “Green Consumption: Behavior of Young Indonesian Consumers ― Role of Environmental Knowledge, Responsibility, and Attitudes,” Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 1141–1164, Sep. 2024, doi: 10.47836/pjssh.32.3.16.
[29] D. M. Radulescu and V. Radulescu, “Educating the consumer about his right to a healthy environment,” Procedia Soc Behav Sci, vol. 15, pp. 466–470, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.03.123.
[30] European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, “Enforcing consumer rights to combat greenwashing,” Luxembourg, 2024.
[31] Masrudi Muchtar, Hukum Kesehatan Lingkungan: Kajian Teoritis dan Perkembangan Pemikiran. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Baru Press, 2017.
[32] Pustaka Baru Press, Environmental Law. Bucharest: Universul Juridic Publishing House, 2008.
[33] Daniela Mirela Radulescu and Victor Radulescu, “Educating the consumer about his right to a healthy environment,” Procedia Soc Behav Sci, vol. 15, pp. 466–470, 2011.
[34] European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, “Enforcing consumer rights to combat greenwashing,” Luxembourg, 2024.
[35] T. Aurumajeda, “Analisis Visual Iklan di Indonesia Pada Generasi Alpha,” KREATIF: Jurnal Karya Tulis, Rupa, Eksperimental dan Inovatif, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1–13, 2022.
[36] V. C. N. Mamuaja, A. P. Kumaat, and P. R. Rambing, “Strategi Pemasaran Digital untuk Peningkatan Brand Awareness Produk Unggulan Daerah Minuman Berbahan Dasar Nira Aren,” in Prosiding Seminar Nasional Produk Terapan Unggulan Vokasi Politeknik Negeri Manado, Manado, 2022, pp. 1–8.
[37] M. Wibowo, Iklan Televisi dan Perlindungan Hukum bagi Konsumen. Bandung: CV Mandar Maju, 2018.
[38] A. Lukitaningsih, “Iklan yang Efektif sebagai Strategi Komunikasi Pemasaran,” Jurnal Ekonomi dan Kewirausahaan, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 116–129, 2013.
[39] F. Schubert, J. Kandampully, D. Solnet, and A. Kralj, “Exploring Consumer Perceptions of Green Restaurants in the US,” Tourism and Hospitality Research, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 286–300, Oct. 2010, doi: 10.1057/thr.2010.17.
[40] E. E. L. T. Wongkar and P. K. Apsari, Telaah Kebijakan Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP) dalam Merespons Fenomena Greenwashing di Indonesia pada Era E-Commerce. Jakarta: Indonesian Center for Environmental Law (ICEL), 2021.
[41] A. N. Istanti and I. Samsul, “Indonesian Center for Environmental Law (ICEL),” DE LEGA LATA: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 8–16, 2023.
[42] N. P. Susiari and G. Suparna, “Greenwashing: Konsekuensinya Pada Konsumen (Studi Kasus Pada Coca-Cola dengan Kemasan PlantBottle),” E-Jurnal Manajemen Universitas Udayana, vol. 5, no. 8, p. 52005236, 2016.
[43] Zulham, Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen. jakarta: Kencana, 2013.
[44] TerraChoice Group Inc., “The Seven Sins of Greenwashing: Environmental Claims in Consumer Markets,” Philadelphia, 2009.
[45] Hendra, R. Yanti, and A. Nuvriasari, Green Marketing for Business: Konsep, Strategi, dan Penerapan Pemasaran Hijau Perusahaan Berbagai Sektor. Jambi: PT. Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia, 2023.
[46] M. Wibowo, Iklan Televisi dan Perlindungan Hukum bagi Konsumen. Bandung: CV Mandar Maju, 2018.
[47] S. Y. Warella and A. Hasibuan, Manajemen Rantai Pasok. Jakarta: Yayasan Kita Menulis, 2021.
[48] R. Nainggolan, “MODEL MANAJEMEN RANTAI PASOKAN PADA START UP BUSINESS,” Jurnal Muara Ilmu Ekonomi dan Bisnis, vol. 2, no. 2, p. 336, Mar. 2019, doi: 10.24912/jmieb.v2i2.1052.
[49] N. Mahlangeni, T. Kapwata, T. Laban, and C. Y. Wright, “Health risks of exposure to air pollution in areas where coal-fired power plants are located: protocol for a scoping review,” BMJ Open, vol. 14, no. 3, p. 1, Mar. 2024, doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-084074.
[50] M. E. Munawer, “Human health and environmental impacts of coal combustion and post-combustion wastes,” Journal of Sustainable Mining, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 87–96, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.jsm.2017.12.007.
[51] Greenpeace, “Internalisasi Dampak dan Biaya Kesehatan dari Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) Batubara di Indonesia,” Jakarta, Sep. 2016.
[52] Greenpeace, “Short Brief: Toxic Twenty - Daftar Hitam 20 PLTU Paling Berbahaya di Indonesia,” Jakarta, 2019.
[53] Greenpeace, JATAM, ICW, and Auriga, “Coalruption: Elite Politik dalam Pusaran Bisnis Batu Bara,” Jakarta, 2018.
[54] A. H. Barkatullah, Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Konsumen Dalam Transaksi E-Commerce Lintas Negara di Indonesia. Yogyakarta: UII Press, 2009.
[55] J. Gunawan, Hukum Pertanggungjawaban Produk. Bandung: PT Citra Aditya Bakti, 2023.
[56] R. Hasya, “Mayoritas Masyarakat Indonesia Tahu Info Iklan Produk dari Media Sosial, Iklan TV di Urutan ke-3,” GoodStats.
[57] Nissan Motor Indonesia, “Nissan Menunjukkan Kendaraan Listrik Mampu Melawan Peningkatan Polusi,” Nissan Indonesia.

Downloads

How to Cite

Heru Saputra Lumban Gaol, H. S. L. G., Hadrian Christanta, H. C., & Simon Pierre Anggung, S. P. A. (2026). Greenwashing in Electric Vehicle Advertising: A Paradox of Eco-Friendly Choices?. Lex Recente: Proceedings of the International Conference on Contemporary Law, 2(1), 138-160. https://conference.uii.ac.id/isc/paper/view/676